Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants

From the Series Editors.- Preface.- The Editors.- Contributors.- Author Index.- 1. What Can We Learn From Bryophyte Photosynthesis?; David T. Hanson, Steven K. Rice.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Terrestrialization.- III. Biochemical and Cellular Biology.- IV. Organization of the Bryophyte Photosynthetic System.- V. Ecophysiology of Bryophyte Photosynthesis: Adapting to Environmental Stress.- VI. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- 2. Early Terrestrialization: Transition From Algal to Bryophyte Grade; Linda Graham et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Molecular Systematics Provides a Reasonably Well-resolved Framework For Investigations of Terrrestrialization Process and Pattern.- III. Early-evolved Physiological Traits Likely Fostered the Process by Which Streptophytes Made the Transition to Land.- IV. Comparison of Early-diverging Modern Photosynthesizers to Precambrian-Devonian Fossils Illuminates the Pattern of Terrestrialization.- V. Perspective.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 3. Photosynthesis in Early Land Plants: Adapting to the Terrestrial Environment; John A. Raven, Dianne Edwards.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Extant Terrestrial Cyanobacteria, Algae and Embryophytes.- III. The Time of Origin of Photosynthetic Taxa With Emphasis on Those Which Occur on Land.- IV. Evidence of Primary Productivity on Land Before and Contemporary With the First Evidence of Embryophytes.- V. Terrestrial Photosynthetic Organisms in the Upper Silurian and Devonian.- VI. Photosynthetic Capacities.- VII. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 4. The Diversification of Bryophytes and Vascular Plants in Evolving Terrestrial Environments; Michael C. F. Proctor.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Beginnings: The Transition From Water to Land.- III. Exchanges of Matter and Energy at the Earth’s Surface.- IV. Selection Pressures on Early Land Plants.- V. The Evolution of Vascular Plants.- VI. The Post-Palaeozoic Scene: Complex Habitats.- VII. Overview.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 5. Best Practices for Measuring Photosynthesis at Multiple Scales; Steven K. Rice, J. Hans C. Cornelissen.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. The Photosynthetic Organ in Bryophytes.- III. Standardizing Photosynthetic Measurements.- IV. Best Practices for Studies of Photosynthesis.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 6. Diffusion Limitation and CO2 Concentrating Mechanisms in Bryophytes; David T. Hanson et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Tissue Structure and CO2 Diffusion.- III. Evolutionary Trade-Off Between Cell Wall Structure and CO2 Diffusion.- IV. The Carbon Concentrating Mechanism (CCM) of Bryophytes.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 7. Sunsafe Bryophytes: Photoprotection from Excess and Damaging Solar Radiation; Sharon A. Robinson, Melinda J. Waterman.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Avoiding Absorption of Excessive or Damaging Radiation.- III. Dealing With Excess Light Absorbed Within the Chloroplast.- IV. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 8. Chloroplast Movement in Higher Plants, Ferns and Bryophytes: A Comparative Point of View; Martina Königer.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Photoreceptors.- III. The Role of the Cytoskeleton.- IV. Chloroplast Movement Speed.- V. Degrees of Movement.- VI. Effects of Other Environmental Factors on Chloroplast Positioning.- VII. Chloroplast Movement in Different Cellular Locations.- VIII. Ecological Importance.- IX. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 9. Scaling Light Harvesting from Moss “Leaves” to Canopies; Ülo Niinemets, Mari Tobias.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Light Interception in Mosses.- III. Gradients of “Leaf” Traits in Moss Canopies: Acclimation or Senescence?.- IV. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 10. Structural and Functional Analysis of Bryophyte Canopies; Steven K. Rice et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Chlorophyll Fluorescence 2D Imaging in Sphagnum.- III. 3D Thermal Mapping of Bryophyte Canopies.- IV. Light Dynamics in Virtual Bazzania trilobata Canopies.- V. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 11. Genetics and Genomics of Moss Models: Physiology Enters the 21st Century; David J. Cove, Andrew C. Cuming.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Propagation.- III. Genetic Manipulation.- IV. Genomic Data and Applications.- V. Potential for Photosynthetic Studies.- References.- 12. Photosynthesis in Aquatic Bryophytes; Janice M. Glime.- Summary.- I. Introduction: History of Photosynthesis in Aquatic Bryophytes.- II. The Role of Plant and Habitat Structure in Photosynthesis.- III. Substrate Availability and Utilization in Aquatic Bryophytes.- IV. Desiccation.- V. Storage Compounds.- VI. Productivity.- VII. Seasons.- VIII. Future Research.- References.- 13. Physiological Ecology of Peatland Bryophytes; Tomáš Hájek.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Specific Adaptations of Peatland Bryophytes.- III. Specific Properties of Peatlands.- IV. Seasonal Variability of Photosynthesis and Respiration.- V. Photosynthesis and Production in a Warmer and Richer World.- VI. Suggestions for Further Research.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 14. Interacting Controls on Ecosystem Photosynthesis and Respiration in Contrasting Peatland Ecosystems; Lawrence B. Flanagan.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Characteristics of Study Sites and Ecosystem CO2 Flux Measurements.- III. Comparison of a Sphagnum-dominated Poor Fen and a Carex-dominated Rich Fen.- IV. Sensitivity of CO2 Exchange in a Moderately-rich Fen to Warmer and Drier Conditions.- V. Peatland Succession and Implications for Historical and Future Carbon Sequestration.- VI. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 15. Physiological Ecology of Tropical Bryophytes; Sebastian Wagner et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. The Physical Setting.- III. The Carbon Balance of Tropical Bryophytes.- IV. Effects of Hydration and Desiccation on the Carbon Balance.- V. Effects of Light and CO2 on the Carbon Balance.- VI. Effects of Temperature on the Carbon Balance.- VII. Nutrients.- VIII. The Fate of Non-Vascular Epiphytes under Global Change.- IX. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 16. Physiological Ecology of Dryland Biocrust Mosses; Kirsten K. Coe et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Desiccation Tolerance, Precipitation Pulses, and Carbon Balance.- III. Water Relations.- IV. Temperature Relations.- V. Response to Variation in Light.- VI. Responses to Elevated CO2.- VII. Nutrient Relations.- VIII. Distributions and Ecological Roles of Biocrust Moss in a Future Climate.- IX. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 17. Dominating the Antarctic Environment: Bryophytes in a Time of Change; Jessica E. Bramley-Alves et al.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Water Availability.- III. Temperature.- IV. The Ozone Hole and Increased Ultraviolet Radiation.- V. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- 18. Opportunities in Bryophyte Photosynthesis Research; Steven K. Rice, David T. Hanson.- Summary.- I. Introduction.- II. Opportunities in Bryophyte Photosynthesis Research.- III. Bryophyte Biology and Related Resources.- IV. Conclusions.- Acknowledgements.- References.- Subject Index.